{"id":72228,"date":"2022-11-02T11:44:30","date_gmt":"2022-11-02T10:44:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.teka.com\/cs-cz\/?p=72228"},"modified":"2022-11-02T11:45:26","modified_gmt":"2022-11-02T10:45:26","slug":"svet-kavy-kolik-druhu-kavy-muzeme-ochutnat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.teka.com\/cs-cz\/inspirace\/vareni\/svet-kavy-kolik-druhu-kavy-muzeme-ochutnat\/","title":{"rendered":"Sv\u011bt k\u00e1vy: Kolik druh\u016f k\u00e1vy m\u016f\u017eeme ochutnat?"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00e1va pat\u0159ila odjak\u017eiva mezi obl\u00edben\u00e9 n\u00e1poje, ale spousta detail\u016f z k\u00e1vov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta bylo dlouho nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch. To se zm\u011bnilo a\u017e v posledn\u00edch letech, kdy lid\u00e9 k\u00e1v\u011b v\u011bnuj\u00ed v\u00edce pozornosti a stala se pro mnoho z n\u00e1s pochoutkou, jako tomu bylo d\u0159\u00edve u v\u00edna nebo \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 cavy. Za\u010dali jsme zkoumat chu\u0165ov\u00e9 nuance, p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00e1vy nebo zp\u016fsoby p\u0159\u00edpravy. A tak r\u00e1di experimentujeme z mnoha zp\u016fsoby va\u0159en\u00ed k\u00e1vy a inovacemi v k\u00e1vovarech s ohledem na tradi\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravu. I kdy\u017e existuj\u00ed pouze dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed odr\u016fdy k\u00e1vy, ka\u017ed\u00e1 obsahuje mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za to objevit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trocha botaniky<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Existuje spousta druh\u016f k\u00e1vy, maj\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u016fvod, zp\u016fsob p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed atd. Od plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a\u017e po skladov\u00e1n\u00ed zrn, v\u0161e m\u00e1 vliv na v\u00fdslednou chu\u0165. Je ale tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00e1t genetiku zrn, abychom t\u00e9to rostlin\u011b trochu l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bli.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00e1vovn\u00edk je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u010deledi Rubiaceae (Mo\u0159enovit\u00e9). Tato \u010dele\u010f m\u00e1 v\u00edce jak 500 rod\u016f a 6 000 druh\u016f. Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich je ale k\u00e1va. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee existuje v\u00edc ne\u017e 50 druh\u016f k\u00e1vy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u0161echny poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z tropick\u00e9 Afriky a ostrov\u016f v Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich jsou nep\u011bstovan\u00e9, divok\u00e9 druhy, kter\u00e9 nejsou vhodn\u00e9 pro lidskou konzumaci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Druhy k\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017eeme vychutnat<\/span><\/h2>\n

Pro lidskou konzumaci je vhodn\u00fdch jen n\u011bkolik druh\u016f k\u00e1vy. To ale neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee na sv\u011bt\u011b je jich dostupn\u00fdch pro lidi m\u00e1lo. Jak jsme uvedli v\u00fd\u0161e, v chuti a typu k\u00e1vy hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli faktory jako m\u00edsto p\u016fvodu, nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka, druh pra\u017een\u00ed apod. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Druhy jako coffea eugenioides nebo coffea anthonyi se p\u011bstuj\u00ed pro genetick\u00e9 modifikace a hybridy pro druhy, kter\u00e9 jsou ur\u010den\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ke spot\u0159eb\u011b. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed se \u0159ad\u00ed lib\u00e9rica coffea, coffea canephora (robusta) a arabica, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za mnoha dal\u0161\u00edmi druhy k\u00e1vy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Coffea lib\u00e9rica nebo liberica<\/span><\/h3>\n

V mnoha zem\u00edch nen\u00ed moc b\u011b\u017en\u00fd, i kdy\u017e ji m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt pro jak\u00fdkoliv druh k\u00e1vovaru. Dokonce je velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00fdch africk\u00fdch a skandin\u00e1vsk\u00fdch oblastech (ve Finsku t\u0159eba vypij\u00ed v\u00edc k\u00e1vy ne\u017e v kter\u00e9koliv jin\u00e9 zemi na sv\u011bt\u011b). Tato k\u00e1va poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Monrovie v Lib\u00e9rii,\u00a0 kdy\u017e se nyn\u00ed p\u011bstuje na Filip\u00edn\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Rostlina m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout a\u017e 18 metr\u016f, tak\u017ee se zrna sb\u00edraj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed \u017eeb\u0159\u00edk\u016f, speci\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f nebo jakmile spadnou na zem. Pra\u017een\u00ed t\u00e9to k\u00e1vy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt siln\u00e9 a chu\u0165 b\u00fdv\u00e1 velmi intenzivn\u00ed a dost ho\u0159k\u00e1. Existuj\u00ed ale i odr\u016fdy k\u00e1vy jako Barako, kter\u00e1 je ko\u0159en\u011bn\u00e1 s an\u00fdzov\u00fdmi doteky, nebo nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed caf\u00e9 excelsa – intenzivn\u00ed, ale ovocn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato rostlina je velmi odoln\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di nemocem a b\u011b\u017en\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch hybrid\u016f a ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti jin\u00fdch odr\u016fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Coffea canephora neboli caf\u00e9 Robusta<\/span><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Robusta je druh\u00e1 nejp\u011bstovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejprod\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k\u00e1va na sv\u011bt\u011b. Poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky, i kdy\u017e nyn\u00ed roste hlavn\u011b v Braz\u00edlii. Je velmi odoln\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di chorob\u00e1m a suchu, proto jej\u00ed p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed levn\u011bji.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto k\u00e1vov\u00e9 zrno je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pro rozpustnou k\u00e1vu a r\u016fzn\u00e9 k\u00e1vov\u00e9 sm\u011bsi, ale m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 vlastnosti, d\u00edky kter\u00fdm je vysoce cen\u011bno baristy. Robusta m\u00e1 silnou a ho\u0159kou chu\u0165 a dvakr\u00e1t v\u00edce kofeinu ne\u017e k\u00e1va arabica – tedy a\u017e 3 %. Hlavn\u00ed odr\u016fdy tohoto druhu k\u00e1vy jsou java, kouilou, niaolili a congensis.<\/span><\/p>\n

Coffea ar\u00e1bica nebo caf\u00e9 ar\u00e1bica<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kr\u00e1lovna k\u00e1vy, ta nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V\u00edce ne\u017e 60 % produkce k\u00e1vy a v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e9 k\u00e1vy na sv\u011bt\u011b je arabica. P\u016fvod t\u00e9to k\u00e1vy najdeme v Etiopii. Rostlina m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout a\u017e 8 metr\u016f a je bohu\u017eel velmi citliv\u00e1 na nemoci. K\u00e1va 100% arabica mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u011bstov\u00e1na v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1 000 metr\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edmi odr\u016fdami jsou Typica a Bourbon, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u016fvodem i mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch k\u00e1vov\u00fdch odr\u016fd, a to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch mutac\u00ed nebo hybrid\u016f. Nejkvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k\u00e1vy jsou opat\u0159en\u00e9 v podstat\u011b rodokmenem. V\u00edte, kdo jsou v\u00fdrobci a odkud p\u0159esn\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi p\u0159irozen\u00e9 Bourbonovy mutace pat\u0159\u00ed Villa Sarchi, Caturra a Pacas nebo Maragogipe a San Bernardo z Typica. P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed mutace jako Geisha, Moka nebo Java (tak\u00e9) jsou velmi obl\u00edben\u00e9 a pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejlep\u0161\u00ed k\u00e1vy. Narazit m\u016f\u017eete i na hybridy. Nap\u0159\u00edklad od Pacas a Maragogipe m\u00e1me Pacamara. Kolumbie je pak k\u0159\u00ed\u017eencem Timoru a Caturry.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak si mohu v obchod\u011b vybrat dobrou k\u00e1vu?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Zkuste si koupit k\u00e1vov\u00e1 zrna a naml\u00edt si je doma. Je lep\u0161\u00ed vybrat si kav\u00e1rnu, proto\u017ee tam v\u00e1m \u0159eknou, jak\u00e1 k\u00e1va je pro v\u00e1s nejlep\u0161\u00ed, a samotn\u00e1 chu\u0165 k\u00e1vy je dost odli\u0161n\u00e1 od t\u00e9, kterou se\u017eenete v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m supermarketu. Pokud d\u00e1v\u00e1te p\u0159ednost kapsl\u00edm, mus\u00edte si ud\u011blat pr\u016fzkum, dokud nenajdete svou obl\u00edbenou zna\u010dku.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Arabica s p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm pra\u017een\u00edm je obvykle tou nejlep\u0161\u00ed volbou \u2014 tento druh pra\u017een\u00ed neumo\u017e\u0148uje skr\u00fdt nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nedostatky. Hledejte ovocn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edchut\u011b, pokud r\u00e1di pijete k\u00e1vu espresso bez ml\u00e9ka. Pokud ji kupujete v supermarketu, zkuste si p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst p\u016fvod k\u00e1vy a informace na obalu. \u010c\u00edm jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou, t\u00edm je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee kupujete dobrou k\u00e1vu. A pamatujte, \u017ee platit v\u00edce nemus\u00ed v\u017edy znamenat lep\u0161\u00ed kvalitu, i kdy\u017e to v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u016f\u017ee souviset. Kvalitn\u00ed k\u00e1va je na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f dostupn\u00fd luxus.<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy k\u00e1vy pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, pro nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed okam\u017eiky, pro ka\u017ed\u00fd druh k\u00e1vovaru \u2014 n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017eete m\u00edt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161e pohromad\u011b v jedin\u00e9m k\u00e1vovaru, jak\u00fdm je t\u0159eba Barista \u2014 a vychutnat si tak v\u00fdjime\u010dnou k\u00e1vu kdekoli ve va\u0161em domov\u011b. Existuje \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la mo\u017enost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete s k\u00e1vou prozkoumat.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u00e1va pat\u0159ila odjak\u017eiva mezi obl\u00edben\u00e9 n\u00e1poje, ale spousta detail\u016f z k\u00e1vov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta bylo dlouho nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch. To se zm\u011bnilo a\u017e v posledn\u00edch letech, kdy lid\u00e9 k\u00e1v\u011b v\u011bnuj\u00ed v\u00edce pozornosti a stala se pro mnoho z n\u00e1s pochoutkou, jako tomu bylo d\u0159\u00edve u v\u00edna nebo \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 cavy. Za\u010dali jsme zkoumat chu\u0165ov\u00e9 nuance, p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00e1vy nebo zp\u016fsoby p\u0159\u00edpravy. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":167,"featured_media":72231,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[592,614,646,647],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vareni","category-inspirace","category-kitchen-tipy","category-zajimavosti"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSv\u011bt k\u00e1vy: Kolik druh\u016f k\u00e1vy m\u016f\u017eeme ochutnat? | Teka CZ\/SK - Kuchyn\u00edm d\u00e1v\u00e1me du\u0161i<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"K\u00e1va pat\u0159ila odjak\u017eiva mezi obl\u00edben\u00e9 n\u00e1poje, ale spousta detail\u016f z k\u00e1vov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta bylo dlouho nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch. To se zm\u011bnilo a\u017e v posledn\u00edch letech, kdy lid\u00e9 k\u00e1v\u011b v\u011bnuj\u00ed v\u00edce pozornosti a stala se pro mnoho z n\u00e1s pochoutkou, jako tomu bylo d\u0159\u00edve u v\u00edna nebo \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 cavy. Za\u010dali jsme zkoumat chu\u0165ov\u00e9 nuance, p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00e1vy nebo zp\u016fsoby p\u0159\u00edpravy. A tak r\u00e1di experimentujeme z mnoha zp\u016fsoby va\u0159en\u00ed k\u00e1vy a inovacemi v k\u00e1vovarech s ohledem na tradi\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravu. 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